Dictionary
- VZV culture—a sample of fluid is collected from a vesicle (the most common sample). It is
incubated in a culture of live cells and nutrients to grow and isolate the
virus. This test is sensitive and specific, but it takes 2 or more days to
complete. Fresh lesions are the best for this test. Viral shedding decreases
over time and can lead to a false negative result.
- VZV DNA testing–performed to detect VZV genetic material in a patient
sample. This method is sensitive. It can identify and quantitate the virus.
- Direct Fluorescent Antibody (DFA) – this test visualizes the presence of VZV
in the cells taken from the patient’s skin lesion using a special microscope
and labeled antibody. It is rapid, but less specific and sensitive than the VZV
culture and DNA testing.